Part of Speech Tagging of Marathi Text Using Trigram Method

In this paper we present a Marathi part of speech tagger. It is a morphologically rich language. It is spoken by the native people of Maharashtra. The general approach used for development of tagger is statistical using trigram Method. The main concept of trigram is to explore the most likely POS for a token based on given information of previous two tags by calculating probabilities to determine which is the best sequence of a tag. In this paper we show the development of the tagger. Moreover we have also shown the evaluation done

Phytotherapy of chlorophyllin exposed Lymnaea acuminata: A new biotechnological tool for fasciolosis control

AbstractPhytotherapy of chlorophyllin formulations against Fasciola gigantica infected Lymnaea acuminata under sunlight exposure was highly toxic against redia and cercaria larvae. Binary combinations (1:1 ratio) of chlorophyllin (CHL)+freeze dried cow urine (FCU) were more toxic against cercariae (8h LC50: 9.6mgL−1) than single treatment with chlorophyllin (8h LC50: 12.6mgL−1) in sunlight. The larvicidal activity of sunlight exposed CHL against rediae (8h LC50: 13.5mgL−1) and cercariae (8h LC50: 12.6mgL−1) was more pronounced than laboratory conditions CHL treatment (rediae- 8h LC50: 305.9mgL−1; cercariae- 8h LC50: 765.4mgL−1). Larvicidal activity of FCU was less than CHL and CHL+FCU against both redia and cercaria. Chlorophyllin and its formulations were more toxic against redia and cercaria larvae in sunlight than laboratory conditions. CHL and its different formulations may be used as potent larvicides against Fasciola gigantica larvae. Chlorophyllin formulations will be economical, ecologically sounder and their use in aquatic environment will be safe

Green synthesis of nanostructured silver particles and their catalytic application in dye degradation

AbstractToday, discharge of hazardous dyes from textile industries in water bodies like lakes, rivers and groundwater has become a serious problem, which contributes to increase their pollution levels significantly. These pollutants are difficult to remove by traditional water treatment procedures. Thus, there is a need to develop more suitable methods of effluent treatment. Here, we describe use of green-synthesized nanostructured silver particles in degradation of hazardous dyes like Safranine O, Methyl red, Methyl orange and Methylene blue etc. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used as nanocatalysts were synthesized using Zanthoxylum armatum leaves. The reduction of silver ions and the formation of AgNPs have been assessed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. DLS, SEM–EDX, TEM, SAED and XRD studies revealed that the AgNPs were crystalline in nature with size range from 15 to 50nm. The report emphasizes that the AgNPs are observed to be an excellent catalyst on reduction of hazardous dyes, which is confirmed by a decrease in absorbance maximum values

The Effect of Nano Bio Fusion Gel as an Adjunct to Conventional Therapy in Gingivitis Patients

INTRODUCTION: Gingival and periodontal diseases are still the most common prevalent oral diseases affecting a community/individual people and can lead to irreversible consequences, both local (bone loss, tooth mobility etc. ) and systemic (Cardiac Disease etc.)AIM: To compare the efficacy of NBF gingival gel alone and as an adjunct to conventional therapy in patients with gingivitisMATERIALS AND METHOD: This randomized study design (parallel arm study design) consisted of 7 patients with 21 quadrants and having a score 2 (moderate gingivitis) & 3 (severe gingivitis) based upon the gingival score given by Loe & Silness (1964). All the subjects were evaluated by two parameters i.e. gingival index [Loe & Silness (1964)] and Papillary Bleeding Index [Muhleman (1977)] at baseline and after one month of rendering treatment. Following random allocation (flip of coin), the first Group was given conventional therapy [Scaling and Root Planing(SRP)] followed by NBF gingival gel application, while the 2nd Group was given NBF gel application alone and the 3rd Group was given conventional therapy (SRP) alone. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 19.0 using paired t‑test as well as the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.RESULTS: After follow up, the highest percentage of mean scores of gingival index decreased among all the groups was seen in group 1 (38.15±5.46), followed by group 3(32.54±7.58) and group 2(18.91±7.62). Similarly, in the Papillary Bleeding Index, the highest percentage reduction was seen in group 1 (82.30±2.39), followed by group 3(53.54±6.02) and group 2(31.71±4.34). All observed values were significant with p≤05.CONCLUSION: NBF gel seems to provide to boost the immunity of the gingiva and periodontium, and when used as an adjunct to conventional therapy (SRP) can benefit the patient immensely

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ASHMARI IN BRIHATTRAYI

From the study of ancient surgical text Sushruta samhita, it becomes evident that the urological problems form an important part of medical sciences. Among all the urinary problems described in Ayurvedic texts, there is one variety where both the medicinal and the surgical treatments are advised and agreed upon by all the Acharyas and this entity is the Mutrashmari.Ashmari is one of the most common and distressing disease among the group of urinary disorder. In the ancient period the diagnosis of Ashmari was done, based only on the Lakshanas. The sufficiency of clinical features alone to make diagnosis is difficult. In the current practice, the diagnosis is based only on imaging techniques, which has enhanced the diagnostic capability of the disease.This article reviews the various concept of Ashmari in Brihattrayi regarding its classification, symptomatology, etiological factors, pathology, complications and management have been dealt with both medico-surgical procedure.It is an attempt to compile the various concept of Ashmari disorders scattered in Brihattrayi and correlate them with modern urinary disorders

CONCEPT OF URINE IN BRIHATTRAYI

From the study of ancient surgical text Sushruta samhita, it becomes evident that the urological problems form an important part of medical sciences. This article reviews the various concept of Mutra in Brihattrayi regarding its characteristics, formation , examination, and use for the diagnosis of various aspects of disease and diseased person . Mutra pariksha as such in systematic way is not described in Brihatrayi. Scattered references are available in these texts related to physiological and pathological state. Based on the informations scattered in various texts pertaining to the abnormalities in respect of odour, colour, quantity etc. urine can be used as important diagnostic tool. The scattered references available in Ayurvedic texts are compiled below in following scheme of Sushrutas Sadhvidha pariksha. Sadhvidha Pariksha includes Panchendriya and Prashna Pariksha.Under this heading, temperature and consistency of urine can be taken into consideration. Thus on the basis of differences in touch only; one can diagnose the disease by observing the changes/abnormality in urine. It can be says that clinical diagnosis of certain diseases depends upon various characteristics of mutra. It is helpful in diagnosing a number of diseases and thus its importance should not be ignored. Urine, like any other substance has its own properties and qualities and can be used rationally for treatment of certain diseases. In Ayurveda properties and uses of human urine and the urine of eight different, animals have been described.Mutra pariksha , properties and uses of urine as such in systematic way is not described in Brihatrayi. It is an attempt to compile the various concept of urine and its properties regarding the diagnosis of various disease which are scattered in Brihattrayi

Morphophysiological variations in two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic zones

The present investigation is a comparative study of the morphological and physiological characteristics of two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic regions. A psychrophilic strain Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Leh (Ladakh) - a cold desert in J & K (India) was able to grow upto 4°C and other one was a  mesophilic Penicillium citrinum, isolated from Lucknow (U.P.), India, was able to grow upto 35°C. The Fungal Taxonomical classification of both the strains was primarily based on the morphology of hyphae, spores, and spore-bearing (conidial) structures of isolates. The ITS region of 18s rDNA was successfully amplified using universal primers ITS4 & ITS5 for molecular identification fungal isolates. The Psychrophilic strain was identified as Penicillium oxalicum (accession no. KR150256) and mesophilic strain as Penicillium citrinum (accession no. KR150257). Physiological studies pertaining to preference of growth temperature and nutritional (C, N) conditions on the growth of both the Penicillium strains was studied to understand their physiology response. The study revealed interesting results regarding the growth and reproductive behaviour of both Penicillium strains adapted to different climatic zones. The temperature range of 4-25°C was found to be optimum range for growth of Psychrophilic Penicillium oxalicum. However, maximum growth of the psychrophilic strain was achieved at 15°C at acidic pH 4.0. The mycelial growth of mesophilic P. citrinum occurred between 15-35°C at acidic pH 5.0; but its optimum growth was obtained between 25-30°C.  The best carbon source for the growth of P. oxalicum was glucose, followed by sucrose. On the other hand, the best carbon source for the growth of P. citrinum was found to be sucrose, followed by glucose. The best nitrogen source for growth of P. oxalicum was found to be sodium nitrate, followed by organic nitrogen glycine, and L-tryptophan. On the contrary, P. citrinum could grow well in the presence........

Antidepressant Activity of Methanolic Extract of Vitis vinifera

The present study was determined to evaluate the effect of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) as well as its interaction with conventional antidepressant drug using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) and to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved in its actions. The extract was found to reduce the explorative tendencies of the rats in the tail suspension test and forced swim test the extract caused a significant reduction in immobility time and increased swimming time. The leaf of the plant were collected and authenticated. The methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) showed the significant antidepressant activity comparable to the standard drug. The oral administration of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively as compared to the control treated group showed an antidepressant activity comparable to that of standard drug. The antidepressant effects of methnolic extract of Vitis vinifera (MEVV) having a particular quality to be mainly associated with the activation of dopamineergic system and possess potential antidepressant activities